1. Fist Of The First Men Got

Oct 07, 2014  Game of Thrones S02E05. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. This isn’t the battle in Blackwater Bay, or at the Whispering Willows, or at the Fist of the First Men. This is DANCE! Big show at San Francisco’s Palace of Fine Arts on Saturday night. And then we watch Game of Thrones on Sunday night. 🙂 Sincerely, the Mother of Dragons. Explore the first location (the tree in the center of town and the chest a little bit behind in a clearing). Explore crasters keep (the house where you start and the chest on the side of the fencing of the house). Explore the Fist. After spawning at the Fist turn around and walk down to the stone wall. To your right hand side is a.

On July 20th, 1969, history was made when men walked on the Moon for the very first time. The result of almost a decade’s worth of preparation, billions of dollars of investment, strenuous technical development and endless training, the Moon Landing was the high point of the Space Age and the single greatest accomplishment ever made.

Because they were the first men to walk on the Moon, Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin are forever written in history. And since that time, only ten men have had the honor of following in their footsteps. But with plans to return to the Moon, a new generation of lunar explorers is sure to be coming soon. So just who were these twelve men who walked on the Moon?

Prelude to the Moon Landing:

Before the historic Apollo 11 mission and Moon Landing took place, NASA conducted two manned missions to test the Apollo spacecraft and the Saturn V rockets that would be responsible for bringing astronauts to the lunar surface. The Apollo 8 mission – which took place on Dec. 21st, 1968 – would be the first time a spacecraft left Earth orbit, orbited the Moon, and then returned safely to Earth.

During the mission, the three-astronaut crew – Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders – spent three days flying to the Moon, then completed 10 circumlunar orbits in the course of 20 hours before returning to Earth on Dec. 27th.

During one of their lunar orbits, the crew made a Christmas Eve television broadcast where they read the first 10 verses from the Book of Genesis. At the time, the broadcast was the most watched TV program in history, and the crew was named Time magazine’s “Men of the Year” for 1968 upon their return.

On May 18th, 1969, in what was described as a “dress rehearsal” for a lunar landing, the Apollo 10 mission blasted off. This involved testing all the components and procedures that would be used for the sake of the Moon Landing.

The crew – which consisted of Thomas P. Stafford as Commander, John W. Young as the Command Module Pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan as the Lunar Module Pilot – flew to the Moon and passed within 15.6 km (8.4 nautical miles) of the lunar surface before returning home.

Apollo 11:

On July 16th, 1969, at 13:32:00 UTC (9:32:00 a.m. EDT local time) the historic Apollo 11 mission took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew consisted of Neil Armstrong as the Commander, Michael Collins as the Command Module Pilot), and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin as the Lunar Module Pilot.

On July 19th at 17:21:50 UTC, Apollo 11 passed behind the Moon and fired its service propulsion engine to enter lunar orbit. On the following day, the Lunar Module Eagle separated from the Command Module Columbia, and Armstrong and Aldrin commenced their Lunar descent.

Taking manual control of the Lunar Module, Armstrong brought them down to a landing spot in the Sea of Tranquility, and then announced their arrival by saying: “Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.” After conducting post-landing checks and depressurizing the cabin, Armstrong and Aldrin began descending the ladder to the lunar surface.

When he reached the bottom of the ladder, Armstrong said: “I’m going to step off the LEM now” (Lunar Excursion Module). He then turned and set his left boot on the surface of the Moon at 2:56 UTC July 21st, 1969, and spoke the famous words “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”

About 20 minutes after the first step, Aldrin joined Armstrong on the surface, and the two men began conducting the planned surface operations. In so doing, they became the first and second humans to set foot on the Moon.

Apollo 12:

Four months later, on November 14th, 1969, the Apollo 12 mission took off from the Kennedy Space Center. Crewed by Commander Charles “Pete” Conrad, Lunar Module Pilot Alan L. Bean and Command Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon, this mission would be the second time astronauts would walk on the Moon.

Ten days later, the Lunar Module touched down without incident on the southeastern portion of the Ocean of Storms. When Conrad and Bean reached the lunar surface, Bean’s first words were: “Whoopie! Man, that may have been a small one step for Neil, but that’s a long one for me.” In the course of conducting a Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs), the two astronauts became the third and fourth men to walk on the Moon.

The crew also brought the first color television camera to film the mission, but transmission was lost after Bean accidentally destroyed the camera by pointing it at the Sun. On one of the two EVAs, the crew visited the Surveyor3 unmanned probe, which had landed in the Ocean of Storms on April 20th, 1967. The mission ended on November 24th with a successful splashdown.

Apollo 14:

TheApollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing; but unfortunately, the explosion of the oxygen tank aboard the Service Module forced the crew to abort the landing. Using the Lunar Module as a “lifeboat”, the crew executed a single loop around the Moon before safely making it back to Earth.

As a result, Apollo 14 would be the third manned mission to the lunar surface, crewed by veteran Alan Shepard (as Commander), Stuart Roosa as Command Module Pilot, and Edgar Mitchell as Lunar Module Pilot. The mission launched on January 31st, 1971 and Shepard and Mitchell made their lunar landing on February 5th in the Fra Mauro formation, which had originally been targeted for the Apollo 13 mission.

During two lunar EVAs, Shepard and Mitchell became the fifth and sixth men to walk on the Moon. They also collected 42 kilograms (93 lb) of Moon rocks and conducted several surface experiments – which including seismic studies. During the 33 hours they spent on the Moon (9½ hours of which were dedicated to EVAs), Shepard famously hit two golf balls on the lunar surface with a makeshift club he had brought from Earth.

Apollo 15:

The seventh and eight men to walk on the Moon were David R. Scott, and James B. Irwin – the Commander and Lunar Module Pilot of the Apollo 15 mission. This mission began on July 26th, 1971, and landed near Hadley rille – in an area of the Mare Imbrium called Palus Putredinus (Marsh of Decay) – on August 7th.

The mission was the first time a crew explored the lunar surface using a Lunar Vehicular Rover (LVR), which allowed them to travel farther and faster from the Lunar Module (LM) than was ever before possible. In the course of conducting multiple EVAs, the crew collected 77 kilograms (170 lb) of lunar surface material.

While in orbit, the crew also deployed a sub-satellite, and used it and the Scientific Instrument Module (SIM) to study the lunar surface with a panoramic camera, a gamma-ray spectrometer, a mapping camera, a laser altimeter, and a mass spectrometer. At the time, NASA hailed the mission as “the most successful manned flight ever achieved.”

Apollo 16:

It was during the Apollo 16 mission – the penultimate manned lunar mission – that the ninth and tenth men were to walk on the Moon. After launching from the Kennedy Space Center on April 16th, 1972, the mission arrived on the lunar surface by April 21st. Over the course of three days, Commander John Young and Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke conducted three EVAs, totaling 20 hours and 14 minutes on the lunar surface.

The mission was also the second occasion where an LVR was used, and Young and Duke collected 95.8 kilograms (211 lb) of lunar samples for return to Earth, while Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly orbited in the Command/Service Module (CSM) above to perform observations.

Apollo 16’s landing spot in the highlands was chosen to allow the astronauts to gather geologically older lunar material than the samples obtained in the first four landings. Because of this, samples from the Descartes Cayley Formations disproved a hypothesis that the formations were volcanic in origin. The Apollo 16 crew also released a subsatellite from the Service Module before breaking orbit and returning to Earth, making splashdown by April 27th.

Apollo 17:

The last of the Apollo missions, and the final time astronauts would set foot on the moon, began at 12:33 am Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7th, 1972. The mission was crewed by Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, and Harrison Schmitt – in the roles of Commander, Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot, respectively.

After reaching the lunar surface, Cernan and Schmitt conducted EVAs and became the eleventh and twelve men to walk on the lunar surface. The mission also broke several records set by previous flights, which included the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.

While Evans remained in lunar orbit above in the Command/Service Module (CSM), Cernan and Schmitt spent just over three days on the lunar surface in the Taurus–Littrow valley, conducting three periods of extra-vehicular activity with an LRV, collecting lunar samples and deploying scientific instruments. Cernan, After an approximately 12 day mission, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth.

Apollo 17 remains the most recent manned Moon mission and also the last time humans have traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Until such time as astronauts begin to go to the Moon again (or manned missions are made to Mars) these twelve men – Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, Charles “Pete” Conrad, Alan L. Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David R. Scott, James B. Irwin, John Young, Charles Duke, Eugene Cernan, and Harrison Schmitt – will remain the only human beings to ever walk on a celestial body other than Earth.

Universe today has many interesting articles on the Moon, such as the First Man On The Moon, The Most Famous Astronauts, and articles on Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Alan Shepard.

You should also check out the Moon landing and 35th anniversary of the Moon landing.

Astronomy Cast has a three part series on the Moon.

Reference:
NASA Apollo 11

Last and First Men: A Story of the Near and Far Future is a 'future history' science fiction novel written in 1930 by the British author Olaf Stapledon. A work of unprecedented scale in the genre, it describes the history of humanity from the present onwards across two billion years^[1] and eighteen distinct human species, of which our own is the first. The book employs a narrative conceit that, under subtle inspiration, the novelist has unknowingly been dictated a channelled text from the last human species.

Stapledon's conception of history is based on the Hegelian Dialectic, following a repetitive cycle with many varied civilisations rising from and descending back into savagery over millions of years, but it is also one of progress, as the later civilisations rise to far greater heights than the first. The book anticipates the science of genetic engineering, and is an early example of the fictional supermind; a consciousness composed of many telepathically linked individuals.

In 1932, Stapledon followed Last and First Men with the far less acclaimed Last Men in London. Another Stapledon novel, Star Maker (1937), could also be considered a sequel to Last and First Men (mentioning briefly man's evolution on Neptune), but is even more ambitious in scope, being a history of the entire universe.

It is the 11th title in the SF Masterworks series.

• 1Evolution of Men

Evolution of Men[edit]

Earth:

First Men. (Chapters 1–6) Our own species: rivalries of nation-states in Europe, the rivalry of America and China, the First World State, its destruction as a result of using up all natural resources, followed by the Patagonian Civilization 100,000 years hence, with the cult of Youth, and its destruction after the sabotage of a mine which leads to a colossal subterranean atomic explosion and the ensuing intercontinental nuclear holocaust, rendering most of the Earth's surface uninhabitable for millions of years save for the poles and the northern coast of Siberia. The only survivors are thirty-five humans stationed at the North Pole, who eventually split up into two separate species, the Second Men and some sub-humans.

Second Men. (Chapters 7– 9) 'Their heads, indeed, were large even for their bodies, and their necks massive. Their hands were huge, but finely moulded...their legs were stouter...their feet had lost their separate toes...blonde hirsute appearance...Their eyes were large, and often jadegreen, their features firm as carved granite, yet mobile and lucent. ...not till they were fifty did they reach maturity. At about 190 their powers began to fail...' Unlike our species, egotism is virtually unknown to them. At the acme of their highly advanced civilization, just as they are about to create a superior human species by genetic engineering, a protracted war with the Martians finally ends with the Martians extinct and the Second Men gone into eclipse.

Third Men. (Chapter 10) 'Scarcely more than half the stature of their predecessors, these beings were proportionally slight and lithe. Their skin was of a sunny brown, covered with a luminous halo of red-gold hairs... golden eyes... faces were compact as a cat's muzzle, their lips full, but subtle at the corners. Their ears, objects of personal pride and of sexual admiration, were extremely variable both in individuals and in races. ... But the most distinctive feature of the Third Men was their great lean hands, on which were six versatile fingers, six antennae of living steel.' Deeply interested in music and in the design of living organisms.

Fourth Men. (Chapter 11) Giant brains, built by the Third Men. For a long time they help govern their creators, but eventually come into conflict. After reducing the Third Men to the status of lab animals, they eventually reach the limits of their scientific abilities and discover that emotions and body are also necessary for complete understanding of the cosmos.

Fifth Men. (Chapters 11–12) An artificial human species designed by the brains. 'On the average they were more than twice as tall as the First Men, and much taller than the Second Men... the delicate sixth finger had been induced to divide its tip into two Lilliputian fingers and a corresponding thumb. The contours of the limbs were sharply visible, for the body bore no hair, save for a close, thick skull-cap which, in the original stock, was of ruddy brown. The well-marked eyebrows, when drawn down, shaded the sensitive eyes from the sun.' After clashing with and finally eliminating the Fourth Men, they develop a technology greater than Earth had ever known before. When Earth ceases to be habitable, they terraformVenus, committing genocide on its marine native race which tries to resist them – but do not cope well after the move.

Venus:

Sixth Men. Derived by the Fifth Men to live on Venus. There were 200 million years. Due to unsuccessful designs were unstable to evolution. Partially degraded to seal-like creatures, partially created a civilization based on the cult of flight. Brought the flying Seventh Men.

Seventh Men. Derived by the Sixth Men. There were 100 million years. There were flying bird-like pygmies (a combination of a bat and a bird). They survived millions of years of complete stagnation due to their obsession with flying in the air. As a result of evolution (due to changes in the composition of the atmosphere of the planet), a wingless species separated from them, which eventually seized power over the remnants of industry and destroyed the winged ones. The latest generations of the Seventh Men have committed total collective suicide by jumping into a volcano.

Eighth Men. Derived by the Seventh (wingless) Men. Were long-headed giants. Turned Venus into a technological paradise, again creating a utopian society. They were morally cold and ruthless towards themselves creatures that arranged world wars for fun. They had developed cosmonautics and effective geothermal energy. They lived to the era of cooling of the Sun (the author of the novel mistakenly believed that the compression and cooling of the Sun would pass without the stage of inflating the Red Giant) and were going to colonize Mercury, but died from the collision of the Solar System with a gas nebula (just after a collision with a gas nebula, the sun swells into 'canonical 'Red Giant and burns all the terrestrial planets).

Neptune:

Ninth Men. (Chapter 14) 'Inevitably it was a dwarf type, limited in size by the necessity of resisting an excessive gravitation... too delicately organized to withstand the ferocity of natural forces on Neptune... civilization crumbled into savagery.' After the Ninth Men's civilization collapses, the Ninth Men themselves devolve into various animal species.

Tenth Men. Developed from rabbit-like Ninth Men. There were several million years. They created a primitive civilization and after a million years of stagnation they died from bacteria.

Eleventh Men. Appeared as a result of evolution. There were several million years. Were bestial, strongly fallen to the ground creatures with fangs. Extinct as a result of evolution.

Twelfth Men. Appeared as a result of evolution. There were several million years. They were bestial, with an elongated muzzle and a massive lower jaw. Moved like a kangaroo. Extinct as a result of evolution.

Fist Of The First Men Got

Thirteenth Men. Appeared as a result of evolution. There were several million years. Were like the First Men — squat erect erect beings.

Fourteenth Men. Appeared as a result of evolution. There were 300 million years. They were like the First Men. They created a mass of highly developed civilizations, each of which died due to the limitations of their biological nature. They built a high-tech civilization, first crossed the equator of the planet on giant artificially cooled ships and settled in the southern hemisphere (all previous civilizations lived only in the northern part of Neptune).

Fifteenth Men. Appeared as a result of evolution. There were 50 million years. They were like Second Men. They survived a grand war between the northern and southern hemispheres. Set a goal to bring the perfect man.

Sixteenth Men. Derived by the Fifteenth Men. There were 150 million years. They were like Fifth Men. Possessed telepathy, and the ability to mentally penetrate into the past. Suffered from the insolubility of the three ideological issues: time, mind — world dualism, life — death dualism. 100 million years they spent on the removal of a new kind of people.

Seventeenth Men. Derived by the Sixteenth Men. They were like Fifth Men. There have been several hundred thousand years. Intermediate stage to the Eighteenth Men.

Eighteenth, or Last, Men. Derived by the Seventeenth Men. Potentially immortal. Were divided into 96 floors. Practiced ritual cannibalism.^[2] Possessed telepathy, circular and vertical vision, penetration into the past, were able to unite into a single 'racial' mind. Their bodies differed according to race and gender: some were like fauns, others resembled monkeys, bulls, bears, kangaroos, or elephants. They mastered space flights using cyclopemic nuclear ships, colonized other planets of the solar system. Mine mined on asteroids with the help of robotic mining space stations. They tried to change the orbit of Neptune to get closer to the Sun, which had begun to cool again. Died from the chain reaction of the explosions of the stars, suddenly engulfed our sector of the galaxy (the cause of the mysterious phenomenon that destroyed People completely, is revealed in the novel “Star Maker”). Before the end, they managed to spread the seeds of life across the galaxy.

Sub-humans[edit]

• Baboon-like Submen. (Chapter 7) 'Bent so that as often as not they used their arms as aids to locomotion, flat-headed and curiously long-snouted, these creatures were by now more baboon-like than human'.
• Seal-like Submen. (Chapter 13) 'The whole body was moulded to stream-lines. The lung capacity was greatly developed. The spine had elongated, and increased in flexibility. The legs were shrunken, grown together, and flattened into a horizontal rudder. The arms also were diminutive and fin-like, though they still retained the manipulative forefinger and thumb. The head had shrunk into the body and looked forward in the direction of swimming. Strong carnivorous teeth, emphatic gregariousness, and a new, almost human, cunning in the chase, combined to make these seal-men lords of the ocean'.
• Period of Eclipse. (Chapter 14) 'Man's consciousness was narrowed and coarsened into brute-consciousness. By good luck the brute precariously survived.' Nature succeeds in colonising Neptune where sentient life fails. Human-derived mammals of all shapes come to dominate Neptune's ecosystem before adapting well enough for the vestiges of opposable thumbs and intelligence to become assets again.

Extraterrestrials[edit]

• Martians. They were a group of intelligent clouds of microorganisms, united by radio waves into a single mind. They destroyed the competitive species of living beings on their planet that were similar to those of the earth. Could form a space sail and move the tack under the influence of solar radiation from Mars to Earth. Destroyed by the Second Men.
• Venusians. Intelligent aquatic creatures with three-sided symmetry that lived in the ocean of Venus. Supported energy balance due to atomic decay. Destroyed by the Fifth Men, although they understood that they were facing intelligent beings.

Appearances in other media[edit]

Characters discuss the novel in H. G. Wells' Star-Begotten.

The novel appears in the computer game Deus Ex as a reference when a corporation in the game allegedly tries to develop the Second Men in the series, but also in a much broader aspect as the game deals with genetic engineering, the next phase of evolution and human augmentations. Also similar to the book are the options presented to the player as to where human kind will go next: a fall back into an almost savage state of humanity, a keeping of the status quo or an extreme progression with the danger of sacrificing basic rights.

Icelandic composer Jóhann Jóhannsson directed and scored a multimedia Last and First Men, 'combining a film narrated by actress Tilda Swinton and accompanying score played by the BBC Philharmonic'.^[3]

This was next performed at the Sydney Opera House as part of the Vivid Festival, on 2nd June 2019.

Influences on other writers[edit]

Brian Aldiss, in his preface to the 1962 edition, acknowledges the deep impression on him—and considerable influence on his own later writing–of Stapledon's book, which he encountered in 1943 while a British soldier fighting the Japanese in Burma – 'An appropriately unusual period of life at which to encounter a vision so far outside ordinary experience'.

Aldiss also mentions James Blish as another writer deeply influenced by Stapledon.

C. S. Lewis in his own preface to That Hideous Strength, notes: 'I believe that one of the central ideas of this tale came into my head from conversations I had with a scientific colleague, some time before I met a rather similar suggestion in the works of Mr. Olaf Stapledon. If I am mistaken in this, Mr. Stapledon is so rich in invention that he can afford to lend, and I admire his invention (though not his philosophy) so much that I should feel no shame to borrow'.

The reference to 'objecting to Stapledon's philosophy' was no accident. In particular, the Christian Lewis objected to Stapledon's idea, as expressed in the present book, that mankind could escape from an outworn planet and establish itself on another one; this Lewis regarded as no less than a Satanic idea – especially, but not only, because it involved genocide of the original inhabitants of the target planet. Professor Weston, the chief villain of Lewis's Space Trilogy, is an outspoken proponent of this idea, and in Out of the Silent Planet, Lewis opposes to it the depiction of the virtuous and stoic Martians/Malacandrians who choose to die with their dying planet, even though they possessed the technology to cross space and colonise Earth.

Arthur C. Clarke has said of Stapledon's 1930 book Last and First Men that 'No other book had a greater influence on my life ... [It] and its successor Star Maker (1937) are the twin summits of [Stapledon's] literary career'.^[4]

H. P. Lovecraft held the book in very high regard (though he did not say whether it influenced any of his own stories), saying in a 1936 letter to Fritz Leiber^[5] 'no one ought to miss reading W. Olaf Stapledon's Last and First Men ... Probably you have read it. If not, make a bee line for library or bookstall!', and in another 1936 letter to Leiber^[6] 'I'm glad to hear of your perusal of Last and First Men—a volume which to my mind forms the greatest of all achievements in the field that Master Ackerman would denominate 'scientifiction'. Its scope is dizzying—and despite a somewhat disproportionate acceleration of the tempo toward the end, and a few scientific inferences which might legitimately be challenged, it remains a thing of unparalleled power. As you say, it has the truly basic quality of a myth, and some of the episodes are of matchless poignancy and dramatic intensity.' Finally, in a 1937 letter to Arthur Widner^[7] he said 'I don't care for science fiction of the sort published in cheap magazines. There's no vitality in it—merely dry theories tacked on to shallow, unreal, insincere juvenile adventure stories. But I do like the few real masterpieces in the field—certain of H. G. Wells's novels, S. Fowler Wright's The World Below, & that marvellous piece of imagination by W. Olaf Stapledon, Last & First Men.'

John Maynard Smith has said 'A man called Olaf Stapledon was a marvellous predictor who wrote science fiction books that I read when I was 16 and that completely blew my mind; and Arthur C. Clarke put his finger on quite a number of bright thoughts. He and I have something in common: we both took out of the public library the same science fiction book when we were boys of about 15 or 16, which was Stapledon's Last and First Men. We took it out of the same country library in Porlock in Somerset. Whoever put that book on the shelves had a lot to answer for!'^[8]

Sir Patrick Moore has said 'The science fiction novel Last and First Men by Olaf Stapledon is immensely thought-provoking and I've read it time and time again.'^[9]

See also[edit]

• All Tomorrows - a more recent book based on the same premise

References[edit]

1. ^'Last and first man of vision'. Times Higher Education. 23 January 1995. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
2. ^Chapter 15, subchapter 1: '[W]henever a human being has chosen to die, his body is ceremoniously eaten by his friends'.
3. ^'MIF 2017 - Last and First Men, Reviewed'. Confidentials Manchester. 7 July 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
4. ^'Arthur C. Clarke Quotes'. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
5. ^From a letter to Fritz Leiber on 18 November 1936. Published in Selected Letters V edited by August Derleth and James Turner, p. 357.
6. ^From a letter to Fritz Leiber on 19 December 1936. Published in Selected Letters V edited by August Derleth and James Turner, p. 375.
7. ^From a letter to Arthur Widner on 20 February 1937. Published in Selected Letters V edited by August Derleth and James Turner, p. 415.
8. ^Adam Hart Davis (2004) talking science Wiley ISBN0-470-09302-1
9. ^'Best science books'. The Times. London. 12 June 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2009.

Text[edit]

• Full text of Last and First Men from Project Gutenberg (PDF file)
• Full text of Last and First Men from Project Gutenberg, formatted for use on smartphones etc. (PDF file)
• Full text of Last and First Men and Starmaker from Goodreads. (PDF, EPUB and MOBI files)

External links[edit]

• Book transcript by Project Gutenberg of Australia (HTML format) (some text missing)